Albumin is a blood protein manufactured by the liver.  It is the largest portion of total serum protein.  Dehydration causes the reading to increase and inadequate protein intake causes the reading to decrease, as does severe liver disease, diarrhea, burns and alcoholism. 

Alkaline Phosphatase is an enzyme produced by the liver.  It is present in bones, intestine, kidney, plasma and teeth.  Readings are increased by high calcium deposits as well as adverse reaction to certain therapeutic drugs, Paget’s disease, rickets and liver disease.

ALT (SGPT) is an enzyme found in muscle, cardiac and liver cells.  Increased readings commonly occur from alcohol, drugs, liver disease, muscle disease and viruses.  Decreased readings are seldom significant.

AST (SGPT) is an enzyme found in the liver and in the cardiac and skeletal muscle.  Readings are increased by alcohol, cirrhosis, hepatitis and vigorous exercise.  Decreased readings are seldom significant.

Total Bilirubin is the level of bile pigment in the blood.  Abnormally high readings can result from a biliary duct obstruction, gall bladder disease, Gilbert’s disease, liver disease and prolonged fasting.  Decreased readings are seldom significant.

BUN is an end-product of metabolism.  It is the level of nitrogen in the blood, a breakdown product of protein.  Elevated readings can result from acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, high protein diet, kidney disease and stress.  Decreased readings are caused by liver damage from drugs or hepatitis, and from a diet low in protein and high in carbohydrates.

Calcium is a mineral found in the blood, which comes from the bones.  Readings are increased by the presence of bone metastases, multiple myeloma and sarcoidosis.  Decreased readings result from acute pancreatitis, chronic renal failure and pregnancy.

Carbon Dioxide is a blood gas which regulates the body from becoming too acidic or too alkaline.  Readings are increased by pulmonary disorders, Cushing’s Syndrome.  Decreased readings can result from acute pancreatitis, diabetic ketosis, diarrhea or malnutrition.

Chloride is a body salt.  Readings are increased by dehydration and renal failure.  Decreased readings are caused by congestive heart failure and use of diuretics.

Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance found among the lipids (fats) in the bloodstream and in all body cells.  It is used to form cell membranes, some hormones and other tissues.  Readings are increased by diabetes, diet and hereditary factors.  Decreased readings can be the result of anorexia, Chron’s disease, a high fibre diet and certain medications.

Creatinine is a waste product released from muscle tissue and excreted by the kidneys.  It indicates how the kidneys are functioning.  Readings are increased by hyperthyroidism, muscle disease and renal failure.  Decreased readings are seldom significant.

Free PSA Test is used as a follow-up to a PSA Test which fell in the 4-10 ng/ml range.  This test helps distinguish whether the cause of the elevated PSA has a greater potential of being a benign or malignant condition.

GGT or GGTP is an enzyme originating from bile ducts and liver cells.  Unlike other liver enzymes, GGT is produced in the liver of heavy alcohol consumers and is released as a result of damaged cell membranes in individuals with various liver diseases.  Readings are increased by acute and chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver diseases, biliary obstruction, diabetes, kidney disease, pancreatitis and certain medications.  Decreased readings are seldom significant.